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Objective To investigate the indoor air quality in urban and rural areas in Xi'an, to analyze the relationship between indoor pollutants and living habits, and to study the impact of pollutants on health, so as to provide reference for improving indoor environment. Methods Through random cluster sampling, 29 families from rural areas and 53 families from urban areas were selected from Xi'an. Data was collected by questionnaire survey and on-site environmental sampling. Non-parametric test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results Overall, the values of CO, NO2, toluene and xylene in Xi'an were far lower than the national standards. The medians of CO2, PM2.5, PM10, and formaldehyde were 0.1%, 44.5 μg/m3, 51.5 μg/m3, and 34.5 μg/m3, respectively. The differences in the values of CO, NO2, formaldehyde, toluene and xylene in urban and rural areas were statistically significant (P2 were higher in families with humidifiers and potted plants (P2 were higher in families with pets (P10, CO, and NO2 were significantly correlated with children's sleep duration and colds (P<0.05). Conclusion The indoor air pollution in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas in Xi'an. It is suggested that residents should be cautious about the use of humidifiers, planting potted plants, and keeping pets, to reduce indoor air pollution and improve their health.
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Objective @#To explore the potential association between particular living habits and recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU), and provide some references for RAU prevention among the young and middle⁃aged. @*Methods@#The mul⁃ tistage random sampling method was adopted to select 850 young and middle⁃aged people in Nanjing. The disease sta⁃ tus and living habits of young and middle⁃aged people with RAU in Nanjing were investigated by a questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.@*Results@# The preva⁃ lence of RAU was 20.5% among 799 individuals, including 357 men and 442 women. The risk of RAU at medium and low stress levels was 0.533 times and 0.419 times that at high stress levels, respectively (P < 0.05), indicating that high stress was an independent risk factor for RAU. The risk of RAU in patients with low exercise levels was 1.513 times that in patients with high exercise levels (P < 0.05), indicating that high exercise levels were a protective factor for RAU. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, smoking, drinking or bedtime (P > 0.05). @*Conclu⁃ sion@#Multivariate logistic regression showed that mental stress and physical activity were independent influencing fac⁃ tors for the development of RAU. The living habits of RAU patients and RAU susceptible populations should be treated with corresponding interventions to prevent RAU.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of visual fatigue among Chinese college students with the usage of electronic products.Methods A total of 6000 college students were recruited from 127 universities in 29 cities (except Taiwan,Qinghai,Tibet,Ningxia and Xinjiang).The questionnaire involved questions pertaining to the dependence of electronic products,use of electronic products in dormitory,home,vehicles,and prevalence of visual fatigue.Logistic regression was performed to analyze the potential risk factors for visual fatigue.Results A total of 4848 questionnaires were valid,involving 2259 male and 2589 female students.The results revealed that the incidence of visual fatigue in Chinese college students was 53.5％,a higher rate in females than in males.And 33.8％ of whole group admitted that they had become relied on electronic products.The proportion of electronic products used at the table,on the bed,transport equipment reached 91.3％,87.6％ and 74.8％,respectively.In terms of the usage duration,38.3％ of surveyed students use mobile phone,Tablet PC over 4 hours per day,with 29.7％ using electronic products over 1 hour on the bed and 49.1％ in vehicles over 0.5 hour.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of visual fatigue were related to gender,dependence on electronic products,the use of electronic products in dormitory,home,vehicles.Conclusion The prevalence of visual fatigue is relatively high among Chinese college students,which may be associated with the following several factors,including gender,dependence on electronic products and the use of electronic products in dormitory,home and vehicles.
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Objective To investigate the physical constitution and living habits of 800 hypertensive patients by using the current investigation method, and to further explore the relationship.Methods The TCM constitution types and living habits of 800 hypertensive patients who met the diagnostic criteria of hypertension in outpatient and inpatient department of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2014 to 2015 were studied.Results Hypertension patients showed the highest frequency of mediocre, and partial physical constitutionincluded yin deficiency, yang deficiency, phlegm and dampness, qi stagnation, dampness and heat, special temperament and blood stasis. It showed significant difference among the TCM constitution in the fields of age, gender (χ2 values were 40.273, 56.457, 31.719,P<0.01); the coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and blood pressure control were consistent with the distribution of physical types of population, and the difference was significant (χ2 values were 48.975, 8.321, 6.514,P<0.01). In terms of lifestyle, the differences in physical constitution between different tastes were statistically significant (χ2= 480.403,P<0.05); exercise time and sleep (P<0.05), and the difference was significant (P<0.001) the relationship between yin deficiency and exercise time (P<0.001); phlegm-dampness and exercise time and sleep time (P=0.009,P<0.001,P=0.001); qi stagnation and dietary hobby and sleep time (P<0.001); special temperament and diet and sleep time (P values were 0.001, 0.008, respectively).Conclusions The constitution type of TCM in hypertensive patients is related to sex, age, educational level and previous diseases, and is affected by diet, exercise time and sleep habits
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Objective To investigate the physical constitution and living habits of 800 hypertensive patients by using the current investigation method, and to further explore the relationship.Methods The TCM constitution types and living habits of 800 hypertensive patients who met the diagnostic criteria of hypertension in outpatient and inpatient department of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2014 to 2015 were studied.Results Hypertension patients showed the highest frequency of mediocre, and partial physical constitutionincluded yin deficiency, yang deficiency, phlegm and dampness, qi stagnation, dampness and heat, special temperament and blood stasis. It showed significant difference among the TCM constitution in the fields of age, gender (χ2 values were 40.273, 56.457, 31.719,P<0.01); the coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and blood pressure control were consistent with the distribution of physical types of population, and the difference was significant (χ2 values were 48.975, 8.321, 6.514,P<0.01). In terms of lifestyle, the differences in physical constitution between different tastes were statistically significant (χ2= 480.403,P<0.05); exercise time and sleep (P<0.05), and the difference was significant (P<0.001) the relationship between yin deficiency and exercise time (P<0.001); phlegm-dampness and exercise time and sleep time (P=0.009,P<0.001,P=0.001); qi stagnation and dietary hobby and sleep time (P<0.001); special temperament and diet and sleep time (P values were 0.001, 0.008, respectively).Conclusions The constitution type of TCM in hypertensive patients is related to sex, age, educational level and previous diseases, and is affected by diet, exercise time and sleep habits
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Sleep is a behavioral state that is a natural part of every individual’s life. To determine the role of health status and social support in the relationship between stresses, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance, for both intermittent and chronic sleep disturbance. The research was carried out by cross sectional and case-control study. Data were collected between May 2014 and September 2014. We studied 203 healthy adults over the age of 20 years who either slept normally or sleep maintenance problems. The quality of sleep was scored using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) a questionnaire method. State and trait anxieties, and depression were scored using other questionnaire methods: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), respectively. All results calculated by SPSS 21.0 programs.The average age was 52.2±14.7 years in our study participants. The rate of self-reported poor sleep quality was found in 46.3% (n=94) of patients according to the PSQI global score (≥5) and53.7% (n=109) patients were normal sleepers. 16.3% (n=33) of all subjects were state anxiety, 9.9% (n=20) were trait anxiety, 8.3% (n=17) were depression. Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with an onset in the evening tea and coffee drinking (OR= 7.0, p = 0.012), majordepressive disorder (OR= 4.2, p=0.015), and stress factors (OR=2.6, p=0.009), meals before going to bed (OR=2.1, p=0.049), but daytime sleep (OR=0.5, p=0.025) is conservation impact.Our results shows, that bad living habits (evening tea, coffee, late sleep and meal habits) depress and stress factors was associated with sleep disturbance, daytime sleep is conservation impact.